Acid-Base Reactions
What happens when a strong acid and a strong base are mixed together?
When a strong acid and a strong base are mixed, a neutralization reaction occurs. The products of neutralization do not have characteristics of either acids or bases. Instead, a neutral salt and water are formed.
To remember this think...
Acid + Base --> A Salt + Water
For example:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) + Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) --> Salt (NaCl) + Water (H2O)
To remember this think...
Acid + Base --> A Salt + Water
For example:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) + Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) --> Salt (NaCl) + Water (H2O)
What happens when a weak acid and a strong base are mixed, or vice versa?
If a strong acid and a weak base are mixed, the salt produced will be acidic.
If a weak acid and a strong base are mixed, the salt produced will be basic.
If a weak acid and a strong base are mixed, the salt produced will be basic.
What happens when an acid and a metal are mixed?
When acids are mixed with most metals, a salt and hydrogen gas will be produced.
To remember this think...
Acid+ Metal--> A Salt + Hydrogen Gas
For example:
Zinc (Zn) + 2 Hydrochloric Acid (2HCl)--> Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) + Hydrogen Gas (H2)
However, when certain metals are mixed with acids, different compounds are produced.
Some examples include...
Acid + Metal Hydroxide --> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Sulfite --> Sulfur Dioxide Gas + Salt + Water
To remember this think...
Acid+ Metal--> A Salt + Hydrogen Gas
For example:
Zinc (Zn) + 2 Hydrochloric Acid (2HCl)--> Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) + Hydrogen Gas (H2)
However, when certain metals are mixed with acids, different compounds are produced.
Some examples include...
Acid + Metal Hydroxide --> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Sulfite --> Sulfur Dioxide Gas + Salt + Water
What happens when an acid is mixed with a carbonate? Wait, but first what's a carbonate?
In simple terms, a carbonate is a compound derived from carbonic acid and carbon dioxide. It can be mixed with different elements. Anyway, when an acid is mixed with a carbonate, a salt, carbon dioxide and water are formed.
To remember this think...
Acid + Carbonate --> A Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
For example:
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) + Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) --> Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) + Water (H2O) + Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
To see an acid/carbonate reaction in real life watch the video below!
To remember this think...
Acid + Carbonate --> A Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
For example:
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) + Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) --> Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) + Water (H2O) + Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
To see an acid/carbonate reaction in real life watch the video below!
Why do acids react with metals and carbonates?
Acids react with metals and carbonates because electrons are not tightly held together in metals and carbonates. Since acids are electron pair acceptors by definition, they take these electrons. So, when a metal/carbonate comes in contact with an acid, the metal loses electrons and the acid takes/accepts them, causing a reaction to occur.
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Do bases react with metals or carbonates?
So, do bases interact with anything?
Yes! Remember when I said bases are very slippery? (If not, click here) This is because bases absorb fats and oils.
Mind blown!! Whats next??
Get pumped for conjugate acids and bases!!